30 April 2009 -- The situation continues to evolve rapidly. As of 17:00 GMT, 30 April 2009, 11 countries have officially reported 257 cases of influenza A (H1N1) infection.
The United States Government has reported 109 laboratory confirmed human cases, including one death. Mexico has reported 97 confirmed human cases of infection, including seven deaths.
The following countries have reported laboratory confirmed cases with no deaths - Austria (1), Canada (19), Germany (3), Israel (2), Netherlands (1), New Zealand (3), Spain (13), Switzerland (1) and the United Kingdom (8).
Further information on the situation will be available on the WHO website on a regular basis.
WHO advises no restriction of regular travel or closure of borders. It is considered prudent for people who are ill to delay international travel and for people developing symptoms following international travel to seek medical attention, in line with guidance from national authorities.
There is also no risk of infection from this virus from consumption of well-cooked pork and pork products. Individuals are advised to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water on a regular basis and should seek medical attention if they develop any symptoms of influenza-like illness.
Setelah lama kita tidak mendengar kasus flu burung, kita dikejutkan dengan munculnya flu babi di Meksiko. Sejak Maret lalu dilaporkan sudah 176 orang meninggal dunia dari 2498 orang suspek dan 99 orang Laboratory confirmed.
Direktur Jenderal Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) Margaret Chan telah memperingatkan potensi pandemi itu. Mobilitas orang dan produk pertanian secara internasional sangat mungkin menyebabkan perpindahan virus yang menjadi penyebab flu itu.
Berikut Negara-negara yang telah Positif terjangkit Swine Influenza (Laboratory confirmed)
AMSTERDAM, April 30 (Reuters) - Dutch health authorities have confirmed one case of swine flu in the Netherlands, Dutch news agency ANP reported on Thursday, citing the health ministry. A three year-old child had contracted the virus, ANP said.
This is the first confirmed case in the Netherlands. (Reporting by Reed Stevenson and Aaron Gray-Block)
JAKARTA - Pemerintah memperingatkan seluruh warga Indonesia untuk tidak mengunjungi Meksiko, menyusul ditingkatkannya status waspada pandemi influenza dari fase empat ke fase lima oleh Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) terkait penyebaran penyakit flu babi di sejumlah negara.
"Tadi pagi WHO meningkatkan kewaspadaan menjadi fase lima, artinya sudah terjadi penularan dari manusia ke manusia secara luas. Karena itu pemerintah menerapkan travel warning kepada warga yang akan ke Meksiko, tapi tidak dilarang," kata Ketua Pelaksana Harian Komite Nasional Pengendalian Flu Burung dan Kesiapsiagaan menghadapi Pandemi Influenza (Komnas FBPI) Bayu Krisnamurthi di Jakarta, siang tadi.
Menurut Bayu, Komnas FBPI sudah berkoordinasi dengan Departemen Luar Negeri yang menurut rencana mengumumkan pemberlakuan peringatan perjalanan tersebut hari ini juga.
Bayu menambahkan, dalam hal ini pemerintah tidak menerapkan larangan perjalanan karena berbagai pertimbangan termasuk karena belum ada rekomendasi spesifik dari WHO untuk menerapkan kebijakan tersebut.
"Hingga sekarang baru Peru, Kuba, Equador, dan Argentina yang sudah menerapkan travel ban. Negara yang lain belum. Tapi bukan berarti kita tidak akan menerapkan, kita akan lihat perkembangan dulu, kalau memang diperlukan akan diterapkan," jelasnya.
Selain menyampaikan peringatan perjalanan ke Meksiko, Bayu menjelaskan, pemerintah juga akan memberikan saran perjalanan (travel advisory) bagi warga yang hendak ke delapan negara yang dikonfirmasi memiliki kasus flu babi yakni Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Selandia Baru, Inggris, Israel, Spanyol, Austria dan Jerman.
"Warga yang akan ke sana diberi penjelasan mengenai daerah-daerah yang sudah dikonfirmasi terdapat kasus flu babi, bagaimana risikonya serta apa yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegah dan menghindarinya," jelas Bayu.
Pemerintah, kata dia, juga melakukan komunikasi intensif dengan WHO dan 16 negara yang masih diduga menjadi daerah penyebaran influenza babi supaya bisa mengambil langkah yang diperlukan jika ada perkembangan baru.
Ia menjelaskan pula bahwa pemerintah memperketat pengawasan lalu lintas orang dan barang di kawasan perbatasan serta pelabuhan darat maupun laut untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan penyebaran penyakit tersebut.
"Pelacakan kasus dan deteksi dini di kawasan perbatasan serta pelabuhan darat dan laut diintensifkan. Ini dilakukan untuk mencegah masuknya virus," katanya.
Pemerintah juga sudah memiliki rencana aksi untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan terjadinya pandemi influensa serta menyiapkan infrastruktur yang diperlukan untuk mendukung kegiatan tersebut.
"Kami juga menyiapkan brosur berisi informasi tentang virus flu babi H1N1 baru ini dan langkah tepat yang bisa dilakukan," katanya.
Pemerintah juga menyediakan layanan informasi dan penerimaan laporan kasus dugaan infeksi virus influenza tipe A subtipe H1N1 baru melalui pusat layanan pesan pendek di nomor 0812-80 000 358/0819-790 4919 dan layanan telepon ke posko KLB Departemen Kesehatan di nomor 021-425 7125.
In the 2009 revision of the phase descriptions, WHO has retained the use of a six-phased approach for easy incorporation of new recommendations and approaches into existing national preparedness and response plans. The grouping and description of pandemic phases have been revised to make them easier to understand, more precise, and based upon observable phenomena. Phases 1–3 correlate with preparedness, including capacity development and response planning activities, while Phases 4–6 clearly signal the need for response and mitigation efforts. Furthermore, periods after the first pandemic wave are elaborated to facilitate post pandemic recovery activities.
The current WHO phase of pandemic alert is 5.
In nature, influenza viruses circulate continuously among animals, especially birds. Even though such viruses might theoretically develop into pandemic viruses, in Phase 1 no viruses circulating among animals have been reported to cause infections in humans.
In Phase 2 an animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is therefore considered a potential pandemic threat.
In Phase 3, an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level outbreaks. Limited human-to-human transmission may occur under some circumstances, for example, when there is close contact between an infected person and an unprotected caregiver. However, limited transmission under such restricted circumstances does not indicate that the virus has gained the level of transmissibility among humans necessary to cause a pandemic.
Phase 4 is characterized by verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to cause “community-level outbreaks.” The ability to cause sustained disease outbreaks in a community marks a significant upwards shift in the risk for a pandemic. Any country that suspects or has verified such an event should urgently consult with WHO so that the situation can be jointly assessed and a decision made by the affected country if implementation of a rapid pandemic containment operation is warranted. Phase 4 indicates a significant increase in risk of a pandemic but does not necessarily mean that a pandemic is a forgone conclusion.
Phase 5 is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region. While most countries will not be affected at this stage, the declaration of Phase 5 is a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the organization, communication, and implementation of the planned mitigation measures is short.
Phase 6, the pandemic phase, is characterized by community level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5. Designation of this phase will indicate that a global pandemic is under way.
During the post-peak period, pandemic disease levels in most countries with adequate surveillance will have dropped below peak observed levels. The post-peak period signifies that pandemic activity appears to be decreasing; however, it is uncertain if additional waves will occur and countries will need to be prepared for a second wave.
Previous pandemics have been characterized by waves of activity spread over months. Once the level of disease activity drops, a critical communications task will be to balance this information with the possibility of another wave. Pandemic waves can be separated by months and an immediate “at-ease” signal may be premature.
In the post-pandemic period, influenza disease activity will have returned to levels normally seen for seasonal influenza. It is expected that the pandemic virus will behave as a seasonal influenza A virus. At this stage, it is important to maintain surveillance and update pandemic preparedness and response plans accordingly. An intensive phase of recovery and evaluation may be required.
29 April 2009 -- The situation continues to evolve rapidly. As of 18:00 GMT, 29 April 2009, nine countries have officially reported 148 cases of swine influenza A/H1N1 infection. The United States Government has reported 91 laboratory confirmed human cases, with one death. Mexico has reported 26 confirmed human cases of infection including seven deaths.
The following countries have reported laboratory confirmed cases with no deaths - Austria (1), Canada (13), Germany (3), Israel (2), New Zealand (3), Spain (4) and the United Kingdom (5).
Further information on the situation will be available on the WHO website on a regular basis.
WHO advises no restriction of regular travel or closure of borders. It is considered prudent for people who are ill to delay international travel and for people developing symptoms following international travel to seek medical attention, in line with guidance from national authorities.
There is also no risk of infection from this virus from consumption of well-cooked pork and pork products. Individuals are advised to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water on a regular basis and should seek medical attention if they develop any symptoms of influenza-like illness.
28 April 2009--The situation continues to evolve rapidly. As of 19:15 GMT, 28 April 2009, seven countries have officially reported cases of swine influenza A/H1N1 infection. The United States Government has reported 64 laboratory confirmed human cases, with no deaths. Mexico has reported 26 confirmed human cases of infection including seven deaths.
The following countries have reported laboratory confirmed cases with no deaths - Canada (6), New Zealand (3), the United Kingdom (2), Israel (2) and Spain (2).
Further information on the situation will be available on the WHO website on a regular basis.
WHO advises no restriction of regular travel or closure of borders. It is considered prudent for people who are ill to delay international travel and for people developing symptoms following international travel to seek medical attention, in line with guidance from national authorities.
There is also no risk of infection from this virus from consumption of well-cooked pork and pork products. Individuals are advised to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water on a regular basis and should seek medical attention if they develop any symptoms of influenza-like illness.
Setelah lama kita tidak mendengar kasus flu burung, kita dikejutkan dengan munculnya flu babi di Meksiko. Sejak Maret lalu dilaporkan sudah 103 orang meninggal dunia.
Direktur Jenderal Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) Margaret Chan telah memperingatkan potensi pandemi itu. Mobilitas orang dan produk pertanian secara internasional sangat mungkin menyebabkan perpindahan virus yang menjadi penyebab flu itu.
Para peneliti berjuang keras untuk mengetahui karakter virus yang menyerang itu. Secara umum, babi merupakan tempat bertemunya berbagai jenis virus, baik yang menyerang babi itu sendiri, unggas, maupun manusia.
”Meminjam istilah politik, di dalam tubuh babi memungkinkan terjadinya koalisi sempurna di antara virus flu. Di dalam tubuh babi, koalisi di antara berbagai jenis virus terjadi. Hasilnya akan memunculkan virus baru yang mengandung material para pendukungnya dengan sifat yang baru pula,” kata peneliti dari Pusat Penyakit Tropis dan juga dosen Universitas Airlangga, CA Nidom.
Tubuh babi merupakan wahana pencampur (mixing vessel) alias tempat koalisi berbagai jenis virus itu. Di dalam tubuh babi virus flu dengan berbagai tipe dan subtipe itu bisa bercampur dan menghasilkan ”anak” virus dengan karakter yang baru.
Nidom menjelaskan, hingga saat ini memang hanya di tubuh babi proses pencampuran material genetik virus flu burung mudah terjadi. Hewan ini memiliki perangkat biologis yang memungkinkan pencampuran material genetik virus itu. Ia sendiri meneliti kemungkinan proses itu terjadi pada hewan mamalia lain, seperti kucing dan anjing. Namun, sampai sekarang ia belum menemukan proses itu terjadi di kedua hewan itu.
Berdasarkan informasi yang diposting di website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swine_flu_2009, Swine Influenza sudah menyebar ke beberapa negara ( lihat gambar ).
In the 2009 revision of the phase descriptions, WHO has retained the use of a six-phased approach for easy incorporation of new recommendations and approaches into existing national preparedness and response plans. The grouping and description of pandemic phases have been revised to make them easier to understand, more precise, and based upon observable phenomena. Phases 1–3 correlate with preparedness, including capacity development and response planning activities, while Phases 4–6 clearly signal the need for response and mitigation efforts. Furthermore, periods after the first pandemic wave are elaborated to facilitate post pandemic recovery activities.
The current WHO phase of pandemic alert is 4.
In nature, influenza viruses circulate continuously among animals, especially birds. Even though such viruses might theoretically develop into pandemic viruses,
in Phase 1 no viruses circulating among animals have been reported to cause infections in humans.
In Phase 2 an animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is therefore considered a potential pandemic threat.
In Phase 3, an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level outbreaks. Limited human-to-human transmission may occur under some circumstances, for example, when there is close contact between an infected person and an unprotected caregiver. However, limited transmission under such restricted circumstances does not indicate that the virus has gained the level of transmissibility among humans necessary to cause a pandemic.
Phase 4 is characterized by verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to cause "community-level outbreaks." The ability to cause sustained disease outbreaks in a community marks a significant upwards shift in the risk for a pandemic. Any country that suspects or has verified such an event should urgently consult with WHO so that the situation can be jointly assessed and a decision made by the affected country if implementation of a rapid pandemic containment operation is warranted. Phase 4 indicates a significant increase in risk of a pandemic but does not necessarily mean that a pandemic is a forgone conclusion.
Phase 5 is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region. While most countries will not be affected at this stage, the declaration of Phase 5 is a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the organization, communication, and implementation of the planned mitigation measures is short.
Phase 6, the pandemic phase, is characterized by community level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5. Designation of this phase will indicate that a global pandemic is under way.
During the post-peak period, pandemic disease levels in most countries with adequate surveillance will have dropped below peak observed levels. The post-peak period signifies that pandemic activity appears to be decreasing; however, it is uncertain if additional waves will occur and countries will need to be prepared for a second wave.
Previous pandemics have been characterized by waves of activity spread over months. Once the level of disease activity drops, a critical communications task will be to balance this information with the possibility of another wave. Pandemic waves can be separated by months and an immediate "at-ease" signal may be premature.
In the post-pandemic period, influenza disease activity will have returned to levels normally seen for seasonal influenza. It is expected that the pandemic virus will behave as a seasonal influenza A virus. At this stage, it is important to maintain surveillance and update pandemic preparedness and response plans accordingly. An intensive phase of recovery and evaluation may be required.
27 April 2009 -- The current situation regarding the outbreak of swine influenza A(H1N1) is evolving rapidly. As of 27 April 2009, the United States Government has reported 40 laboratory confirmed human cases of swine influenza A(H1N1), with no deaths. Mexico has reported 26 confirmed human cases of infection with the same virus, including seven deaths. Canada has reported six cases, with no deaths, while Spain has reported one case, with no deaths.
Further information on the situation will be available on the WHO website on a regular basis.WHO advises no restriction of regular travel or closure of borders. It is considered prudent for people who are ill to delay international travel and for people developing symptoms following international travel to seek medical attention, in line with guidance from national authorities.There is also no risk of infection from this virus from consumption of well-cooked pork and pork products. Individuals are advised to wash hands thoroughly with soap and water on a regular basis and should seek medical attention if they develop any symptoms of influenza-like illness.
Medan - Alat pemantau suhu badan (thermal scanner) dipasang di pintu masuk terminal kedatangan luar negeri Bandara Polonia, Medan. Alat ini mencegah penyebaran virus flu babi (swine flu) yang mungkin dibawa dari luar negeri. Setiap penumpang pesawat dari luar negeri yang tiba di terminal kedatangan luar negeri Bandara Polonia Medan, Sumatera Utara, akan dideteksi thermal scanner yang dipasang Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas I Medan.
Selain memantau suhu badan, petugas kesehatan pelabuhan juga mengaktifkan alat body clean desinfectan health quarantine, untuk mensuci-hamakan atau mensterilkan penumpang yang terdeksi alat thermal scanner.
Kepala Bidang Pengendalian Karantina dan Surveilans Epidemiologi Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan Kelas I Medan Masrip Sarumpaet menyatakan agar tidak mengganggu arus lalu lintas orang dan barang di Bandara Polonia, hanya penumpang yang terdeteksi memiliki tanda-tanda atau gejala penyakit flu akan diminta melewati alat body clean desinfectan health quarantine, untuk disucihamakan atau disterilkan, termasuk barang bawaannya.
Selanjutnya penumpang yang dicurigai tersebut, diwawancarai seputar kontak terakhir dengan hewan yang terkontaminasi flu babi atau penderitanya. Jika penumpang positif menderita flu babi, akan dievakuasi langsung ke Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat (RSUP) Adam Malik Medan untuk mendapat pengobatan.
"Dengan alat ini diharapkan kuman yang ada di tubuh dan barang bawaan akan tereleminasi," kata Masrip Sarumpaet kepada wartawan di Polonia, Medan, Senin (27/4/2009).
Sejauh ini belum ada penumpang yang melalui Bandara Polonia Medan yang terdeteksi mengidap virus tersebut. (rul/nwk)
Presiden SBY menekankan perlunya langkah-langkah yang tepat dan cepat untuk mencegah flu babi masuk ke Indonesia. Virus mematikan yang sudah menelan seratusan korban jiwa di dunia ini belum menyentuh warga di Indonesia.
"Menteri Kesehatan, Menteri Perdagangan melakukan tindakan semestinya agar tidak terjadi penyebaran wabah itu di negeri kita," pinta SBY saat audiensi dengan anggota Lembaga Kerja Sama Tripartit Nasional di Istana Negara, Jakarta, Senin (27/4).
Bahkan SBY menginstruksikan Menteri Perhubungan untuk memberi perhatian terhadap masuknya warga negara asing, utamanya warga negara Amerika Serikat dan Meksiko ke Indonesia.
"Saya ikuti tiap jam di Meksiko sekarang sudah lebih dari seratus yang meninggal dan cepat menyebar Amerika Serikat sekarang sudah kena. Banyak sekali yang melaksanakan penerbangan dari suatu negara ke negara yang lain di Meksiko ke New Zealand ke Amerika dan sebagainya," paparnya.
SBY pun menggelar rapat terbatas untuk membahas masalah penyakit flu babi ini pada sore ini. "Kami akan melakukan rapat emergency untuk menghadapi out break dari flu babi yang mencemaskan," ucapnya. [sss]
26 April 2009 -- As of 26 April 2009, the United States Government has reported 20 laboratory confirmed human cases of swine influenza A/H1N1 (8 in New York, 7 in California, 2 in Texas, 2 in Kansas and 1 in Ohio). All 20 cases have had mild Influenza-Like Illness with only one requiring brief hospitalization. No deaths have been reported. All 20 viruses have the same genetic pattern based on preliminary testing. The virus is being described as a new subtype of A/H1N1 not previously detected in swine or humans.
Also as of 26 April, the Government of Mexico has reported 18 laboratory confirmed cases of swine influenza A/H1N1. Investigation is continuing to clarify the spread and severity of the disease in Mexico. Suspect clinical cases have been reported in 19 of the country's 32 states.
WHO and the Global Alert and Response Network (GOARN) are sending experts to Mexico to work with health authorities. WHO and its partners are actively investigating reports of suspect cases in other Member States as they occur, and are supporting field epidemiology activities, laboratory diagnosis and clinical management.
On Saturday, 25 April, upon the advice of the Emergency Committee called under the rules of the International Health Regulations, the Director-General declared this event a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.
WHO is not recommending any travel or trade restrictions.
MADRID – Spain's Health Ministry confirmed the country's first case of swine flu on Monday and said another 20 people are suspected of having the disease. It was the first confirmed swine flu case in Europe and the first outside of North America. Health Minister Trinidad Jimenez said the patient is a young man who had recently returned from Mexico where he had been as part of his university studies. Jimenez told a press conference the man is responding well to treatment and that neither he nor any of the people under observation are in serious condition. "The situation is under control," Jimenez said. Jimenez said this is Europe's first confirmed case of the swine flu outbreak that started in Mexico and is blamed for at least 22 deaths there. The man with the confirmed case is from the town of Almansa in the Castilla-La Mancha region, according to regional health authorities. He checked in to a clinic Saturday complaining of fever and respiratory problems and was eventually hospitalized, the regional health department's Web site says.
Sumber : http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090427/ap_on_he_me/eu_spain_swine_flu
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that causes regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person, but in the past, this transmission was limited and not sustained beyond three people.
Is this swine flu virus contagious?
CDC has determined that this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is contagious and is spreading from human to human. However, at this time, it not known how easily the virus spreads between people.
What are the signs and symptoms of swine flu in people? The symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. Some people have reported diarrhea and vomiting associated with swine flu. In the past, severe illness (pneumonia and respiratory failure) and deaths have been reported with swine flu infection in people. Like seasonal flu, swine flu may cause a worsening of underlying chronic medical conditions.
How does swine flu spread?
Spread of this swine influenza A (H1N1) virus is thought to be happening in the same way that seasonal flu spreads. Flu viruses are spread mainly from person to person through coughing or sneezing of people with influenza. Sometimes people may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.
How can someone with the flu infect someone else?
Infected people may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 7 or more days after becoming sick. That means that you may be able to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick.
What should I do to keep from getting the flu?
First and most important: wash your hands. Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food. Try not touch surfaces that may be contaminated with the flu virus. Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
Are there medicines to treat swine flu?
Yes. CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with these swine influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs are prescription medicines (pills, liquid or an inhaler) that fight against the flu by keeping flu viruses from reproducing in your body. If you get sick, antiviral drugs can make your illness milder and make you feel better faster. They may also prevent serious flu complications. For treatment, antiviral drugs work best if started soon after getting sick (within 2 days of symptoms).
How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others?
People with swine influenza virus infection should be considered potentially contagious as long as they are symptomatic and possible for up to 7 days following illness onset. Children, especially younger children, might potentially be contagious for longer periods.
What surfaces are most likely to be sources of contamination?
Germs can be spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with germs and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth. Droplets from a cough or sneeze of an infected person move through the air. Germs can be spread when a person touches respiratory droplets from another person on a surface like a desk and then touches their own eyes, mouth or nose before washing their hands.
How long can viruses live outside the body?
We know that some viruses and bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on surfaces like cafeteria tables, doorknobs, and desks. Frequent handwashing will help you reduce the chance of getting contamination from these common surfaces.
What can I do to protect myself from getting sick?
There is no vaccine available right now to protect against swine flu. There are everyday actions that can help prevent the spread of germs that cause respiratory illnesses like influenza. Take these everyday steps to protect your health:
Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.
Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Alcohol-based hand cleaners are also effective.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.
Try to avoid close contact with sick people.
If you get sick with influenza, CDC recommends that you stay home from work or school and limit contact with others to keep from infecting them. What is the best way to keep from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing?
If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible. Do not go to work or school if ill. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze.
What is the best way to keep from spreading the virus through coughing or sneezing?
If you are sick, limit your contact with other people as much as possible. Do not go to work or school if ill. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing or sneezing. It may prevent those around you from getting sick. Put your used tissue in the waste basket. Cover your cough or sneeze if you do not have a tissue. Then, clean your hands, and do so every time you cough or sneeze.
What is the best technique for washing my hands to avoid getting the flu?
Washing your hands often will help protect you from germs. Wash with soap and water. or clean with alcohol-based hand cleaner. we recommend that when you wash your hands -- with soap and warm water -- that you wash for 15 to 20 seconds. When soap and water are not available, alcohol-based disposable hand wipes or gel sanitizers may be used. You can find them in most supermarkets and drugstores. If using gel, rub your hands until the gel is dry. The gel doesn't need water to work; the alcohol in it kills the germs on your hands.
What should I do if I get sick?If you live in areas where swine influenza cases have been identified and become ill with influenza-like symptoms, including fever, body aches, runny nose, sore throat, nausea, or vomiting or diarrhea, you may want to contact their health care provider, particularly if you are worried about your symptoms. Your health care provider will determine whether influenza testing or treatment is needed.
If you are sick, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people as much as possible to keep from spreading your illness to others.
If you become ill and experience any of the following warning signs, seek emergency medical care.
In children emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:
Fast breathing or trouble breathing
Bluish skin color
Not drinking enough fluids
Not waking up or not interacting
Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough
Fever with a rash
In adults, emergency warning signs that need urgent medical attention include:
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
Sudden dizziness
Confusion
Severe or persistent vomiting
How serious is swine flu infection?
Like seasonal flu, swine flu in humans can vary in severity from mild to severe. Between 2005 until January 2009, 12 human cases of swine flu were detected in the U.S. with no deaths occurring. However, swine flu infection can be serious. In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman in Wisconsin was hospitalized for pneumonia after being infected with swine flu and died 8 days later. A swine flu outbreak in Fort Dix, New Jersey occurred in 1976 that caused more than 200 cases with serious illness in several people and one death.
Can I get swine influenza from eating or preparing pork?
No. Swine influenza viruses are not spread by food. You cannot get swine influenza from eating pork or pork products. Eating properly handled and cooked pork products is safe.
Dengan adanya kasus flu babi (swine flu) pada manusia di Meksiko dan Amerika Serikat, Departemen Kesehatan menetapkan enam langkah untuk kesiapsiagaan yaitu:
(1)mengumpulkan data dan kajian ilmiah tentang penyakit ini dari berbagai sumber,
(2)berkoordinasi dengan WHO untuk memantau perkembangan,
(3)membuat surat edaran kewaspadaan dini,
(4)melakukan rapat koordinasi dengan para kepala Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan (KKP) di seluruh Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan,
(5)berkoordinasi dengan Badan Litbangkes untuk kemungkinan pemeriksaan spesimen, dan
(6)berkoordinasi dengan Departemen Pertanian dan Departemen Luar Negeri untuk merumuskan langkah-langkah tindakan penanggulangan.
Hal itu disampaikan Dirjen Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (P2PL) Depkes, Prof. Dr. Tjandra Yoga Aditama, Sp.P., MARS., kepada para wartawan di Makassar tanggal 25 April 2009 saat berlangsungnya kegiatan simulasi penanggulangan episenter pandemi influenza.
Menurut Prof. Tjandra, penyakit flu babi adalah penyakit influenza yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza A subtipe H1N1 yang dapat ditularkan melalui binatang, terutama babi, dan ada kemungkinan penularan antar manusia. Secara umum penyakit ini mirip dengan influenza (Influenza Like Illness-ILI) dengan gejala klinis: demam, batuk pilek, lesu, letih, nyeri tenggorokan, napas cepat atau sesak napas, mungkin disertai mual, muntah dan diare.
Virus H1N1 sebenarnya biasa ditemukan pada manusia dan hewan terutama babi tetapi keduanya memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Begitu juga dengan virus flu burung H5N1 meskipun sama-sama virus influenza tipe A.
Cara penularan flu babi melalui udara dan dapat juga melalui kontak langsung dengan penderita. Masa inkubasinya 3 sampai 5 hari. Masyarakat dihimbau untuk mewaspadai seperti halnya terhadap flu burung dengan menjaga perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat, menutup hidung dan mulut apabila bersin, mencuci tangan pakai sabun setelah beraktivitas, dan segera memeriksakan kesehatan apabila mengalami gejala flu, ujar Prof. Tjandra.
Prof. Tjandra menyebutkan bahwa sampai saat ini sebaran kasus 8 kasus positif (konfirm) di Amerika Serikat. Sedangkan di Meksiko sebanyak 878 suspek kasus dan 60 diantaranya meninggal dunia. Dari yang meninggal sebanyak 20 kasus dinyatakan positif flu babi.
WHO masih terus mengadakan pertemuan yang membahas masalah flu babi terkait dugaan penularan antar manusia dan sampai saat ini masih ditunggu perkembangannya. Sejauh ini WHO memperkirakan hal ini sebagai public health emergency of international concern atau masalah kesehatan yang memerlukan kewaspadaan internasional dan belum ada travel warning.
Prof. Tjandra, di sela-sela kegiatan Simulasi Penanggulangan Simulasi Pandemi Influenza, telah mengadakan rapat dengan Kepala Kantor Kesehatan Pelabuhan seluruh Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan dengan mengaktifkan dan memastikan thermal scanner bekerja dengan baik dan mengaktifkan sistem yang ada untuk memantau orang yang masuk melalui bandar udara maupun pelabuhan laut, serta melakukan koordinasi intensif dengan Rumah Sakit rujukan di tempat masing-masing.
Disamping itu, Departemen Kesehatan juga telah berkoordinasi dengan Dirjen Peternakan Departemen PertanianRI untuk mengantisipasi penyebaran flu babi melalui Tim Koordinasi yang sudah ada. Tim Koordinasi yang sudah ada seperti Tim Penanggulangan Rabies Depkes dan Departemen Pertanian yang tugasnya diperluas menjadi Tim Terpadu Penanggulangan Zoonotik (penyakit yang dapat menular dari hewan kepada manusia), kata Prof. Tjandra.
Ditjen P2PL melalui surat edaran meminta kepada Kepala Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi, Kepala UPT di lingkungan Ditjen P2PL dan RS Vertikal melalui surat nomor: PM.01.01/D/I.4/1221/2009untuk melakukan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut:
-Mewaspadai kemungkinan masuknya virus tersebut ke wilayah Indonesia dengan meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan di pintu-pintu masuk negara terutama pendatang dari negara-negara yang sedang terjangkit.
-Mewaspadai semua kasus dengan gejala mirip influenza (ILI) dan segera menelusuri riwayat kontak dengan binatang (babi)
-Meningkatkan kegiatan surveilans terhadap ILI dan pneumonia serta melaporkan kasus dengan kecurigaan ke arah swine flu kepada Posko KLB Direktorat Jenderal PP dan PL dengan nomor telepon: (021) 4257125
-Memantau perkembangan kasus secara terus menerus melalui berbagai sarana yang dimungkinkan.
-Meningkatkan koordinasi dengan lintas program dan lintas sektor serta menyebarluaskan informasi ke jajaran kesehatan di seluruh Indonesia.
Statement by WHO Director-General, Dr Margaret Chan
25 April 2009
Swine influenza
In response to cases of swine influenza A(H1N1), reported in Mexico and the United States of America, the Director-General convened a meeting of the Emergency Committee to assess the situation and advise her on appropriate responses.
The establishment of the Committee, which is composed of international experts in a variety of disciplines, is in compliance with the International Health Regulations (2005).
The first meeting of the Emergency Committee was held on Saturday 25 April 2009.
After reviewing available data on the current situation, Committee members identified a number of gaps in knowledge about the clinical features, epidemiology, and virology of reported cases and the appropriate responses.
The Committee advised that answers to several specific questions were needed to facilitate its work.
The Committee nevertheless agreed that the current situation constitutes a public health emergency of international concern.
Based on this advice, the Director-General has determined that the current events constitute a public health emergency of international concern, under the Regulations.
Concerning public health measures, in line with the Regulations the Director-General is recommending, on the advice of the Committee, that all countries intensify surveillance for unusual outbreaks of influenza-like illness and severe pneumonia.
The Committee further agreed that more information is needed before a decision could be made concerning the appropriateness of the current phase 3.
Swine Flu (Flu Babi) adalah penyakit Influenza yang disebabkan oleh virus Influenza Type A group H1N1. Virus ini merupakan gabungan dari materi genetik babi, unggas, dan manusia. Gabungan materi ini belum pernah ditemukan sebelumnya oleh para peneliti dunia.
Flu babi yang menewaskan puluhan orang di Meksiko kini menjadi perhatian utama karena bisa berkembang menjadi wabah flu global. Pemerintah minta warga meninggalkan kebiasaan cium pipi. Serangan virus baru ini memang mencemaskan, memaksa pemerintah Meksiko menutup sementara sekolah, museum, perpustakaan, dan gedung bioskop. Sedangkan di AS, virus ini diduga telah menjangkiti delapan orang di Texas dan California.
Penyebaran wabah secara geografis juga menjadi perhatian WHO. Sebanyak 13 dari 20 kematian orang terjadi di Mexico City, empat orang di San Luis Potosi, dua orang di Baja California, dan satu lagi di dekat perbatasan negara bagian Oazaca. Para ilmuwan telah lama mengkhawatirkan bahwa virus flu ini menjadi pandemi yang mematikan di seluruh dunia. Sebuah virus baru dapat berkembang secara berbeda ketika menjangkiti babi, orang, atau burung. Perkembangbiakan virus ini dapat menyebar dengan cepat karena orang secara alami tidak memiliki pertahanan tubuh untuk mencegahnya.
Dirjen Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Departemen Kesehatan Prof. dr. Tjandra Yoga Aditama, Sp.P(K), MARS, DTM&H, DTCE telah menginstruksikan keppada seluruh jajaran UPT Depkes dan Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Seluruh Indonesia untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terutama di pintu-pintu masuk Negara (Pelabuhan Laut, Bandar Udara dan Pos Lintas Batas Darat). untuk lebih lengkapnya dapat diklik KKP Kelas I Medan
