Timeline of major events H5N1 avian influenza (Part 2)

36. 6 Jan 2005 : Events in Humans : Viet Nam confirms 2 further cases.

37. 14 Jan 2005 : Events in Animals : Hong Kong reports H5N1 in one wild bird as part of routine surveillance.

38. 14 Jan 2005 : Events in Humans : Total number of human cases in Viet Nam rises to 6. Sporadic cases continue to be reported over the coming months, making Viet Nam the hardest hit country.

39. 27 Jan 2005 : Events in Humans : Research9 Research concludes that a girl in Thailand probably passed the virus to at least her mother in September 2004, causing fatal disease. This is the first published account of probable secondary human transmission, resulting in severe disease, of any avian influenza virus.

40. 2 Feb 2005 : Events in Humans : Cambodia confirms its first human case, which is fatal.

41. 17 Feb 2005 : Events in Humans : Research10 Research retrospectively identifies at least one fatal atypical case in Viet Nam (from Feb 2004), presenting with diarrhoea and encephalitis, but normal chest X-rays.

42. 29 Mar 2005 : Events in Humans : Cambodia confirms its 2nd human case, also fatal.

43. 12 Apr 2005 : Events in Humans : Cambodia confirms its 3rd human case, also fatal.

44. 30 Apr 2005 : Events in Animals : Wild birds begin dying at Qinghai Lake in central China, where hundreds of thousands of migratory birds congregate. Altogether, 6,345 birds from different species die in the coming weeks. This is the first reported instance of any HPAI causing mass die-offs in wild birds.

45. 4 May 2005 : Events in Humans : Cambodia confirms its 4th human case, also fatal.

46. 8 Jun 2005 : Events in Animals : China reports poultry outbreak in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Reports continue from several provinces, through February 2006.

47. 26 Jun 2005 : Events in Animals : Japan reports LPAI H5N2 in poultry, which continues to be detected through April 2006. Source remains unconfirmed, though one rumour suggests the strain was introduced via improperly prepared vaccine.

48. 30 Jun 2005 : Events in Humans : A WHO investigative team finds no evidence that H5N1 has increased its transmissibility in humans in Viet Nam.

49. 6 Jul 2005 : Events in Animals : Research11 Research on viruses isolated from dead birds in Qinghai Lake suggests the outbreak was caused by a new H5N1 variant that may be more lethal to wild birds and experimentally infected mice.

50. 7 Jul 2005 : Events in Animals : The Philippines reports LPAI (likely an H9) in poultry.

51. 14 Jul 2005 : Events in Animals : Research12 Research on viruses isolated from dead birds in Qinghai Lake demonstrates transmission of the virus among migratory geese and suggests that the virus may be carried along winter migratory routes.

52. 15 Jul 2005 : Events in Animals : H5N1 is detected in three captive Owston’s palm civets that died in late June in a Vietnamese wildlife preserve. This is the first reported infection of this species with the virus. The civets were not fed chicken and the source of infection remains unknown.

53. 21 Jul 2005 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its first human case. Infection in two other family members is considered likely, but cannot be laboratory confirmed. Subsequent investigation is unable to determine the source of infection. Virus has been circulating in poultry in Indonesia since February 2004.

54. 23 Jul 2005 : Events in Animals : Russia reports first outbreaks of H5N1, in poultry in the Novosibirsk region. Dead migratory birds are reported in the vicinity of outbreaks. From 23 July- 22 December 2005, a total of 62 sites in 10 regions are confirmed as HPAI H5N1- positive.

55. 29 Jul 2005 : Events in Animals : Kazakhstan reports first H5N1 in poultry in areas adjacent to Siberia. Dead migratory birds are reported in the vicinity of outbreaks.

56. 2 Aug 2005 : Events in Animals : Indonesia reports H5N1 in poultry and pigs during surveillance in the region where the recent human cases lived (Tangerang district, Banten province, West Java).

57. 10 Aug 2005 : Events in Animals : China reports additional outbreaks in several provinces through February 2006. Vaccination is initiated in affected regions using an H5N2 monovalent inactivated vaccine.

58. 10 Aug 2005 : Events in Animals : Mongolia reports deaths in 89 migratory birds at two lakes in Northern Mongolia. H5N1 is subsequently identified in 4 of the birds.

59. 16 Sep 2005 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 2nd case.

60. 22 Sep 2005 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 3rd case.

61. 29 Sep 2005 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 4th case. Research13 Research describes the clinical features of H5N1 infection and reviews recommendations for the management of cases.

62. Oct 2005 : Events in Humans : Research14 Research on the evolution of human and animal viruses circulating in Asia in 2005 suggests that several amino acids located near the receptor-binding site are undergoing change, some of which may affect antigenicity or transmissibility.

63. 6 Oct 2005 : Events in Animals : Highly pathogenic H5N1 is first reported in poultry in Turkey.

64. 6 Oct 2005 : Events in Humans : Research15, 16 Research describes reconstruction of the lethal 1918 pandemic virus, concludes that this virus was entirely avian, and finds some similarities with H5N1.

65. 7 Oct 2005 : Events in Animals : Highly pathogenic H5N1 is first reported in poultry in Romania. Reports continue through July 2006.

66. 10 Oct 2005 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 5th human case.

67. 20 Oct 2005 : Events in Animals : Taiwan, China reports the detection of highly pathogenic H5N1 in a cargo of exotic songbirds smuggled from mainland China.

68. 20 Oct 2005 : Events in Humans : Thailand confirms its 18th human case (the first human case in Thailand since October 2004.

69. 21 Oct 2005 : Events in Animals : Croatia first reports H5N1 in wild birds (migratory swans). H5N1 continues to be reported in wild birds on routine surveillance, through April 2006.

70. 23 Oct 2005 : Events in Animals : The United Kingdom reports highly pathogenic H5N1 in an imported parrot, held in quarantine, that died 3 days earlier.

71. 24 Oct 2005 : Events in Humans : Thailand confirms its 19th human case.

72. 24 Oct 2005 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 6th and 7th human cases.

73. 9 Nov 2005 : Events in Humans : Viet Nam confirms its 65th human case (its first human case since July 2005).

74. 11 Nov 2005 : Events in Animals : Kuwait detects highly pathogenic H5N1 in a single migratory flamingo, marking the first report of this disease in the Gulf region.

75. 17 Nov 2005 : Events in Humans : China confirms its first two human cases, from Hunan and Anhui provinces (does not include the case in 2003, confirmed retrospectively).

76. 24 Nov 2005 : Events in Humans : China confirms its third human case, from Anhui province. Sporadic cases continue to be reported in the coming weeks.

77. 2 Dec 2005 : Events in Animals : Ukraine reports its first H5N1 outbreak in domestic birds in Crimea. Outbreaks continue to be reported through February 2006.

78. 26 Dec 2005 : Events in Animals : Turkey reports a new outbreak in poultry in the eastern province of Igdir. Through April 2006, additional outbreaks are reported in primarily backyard poultry in 11 of the country’s 81 provinces. Wild birds are also reported to be infected. Control measures include culling of poultry in Iraqi Kurdistan and all backyard poultry in Iran within 10 km of the Turkish border. Vaccination is prohibited.

79. Jan 2006 : Events in Animals : Qinghai Lake-like H5N1 viruses are reportedly isolated from cats in Northern Iraq.17

80. Jan 2006 : Events in Humans : By the end of 2005, Indonesia has confirmed a total of 20 cases in humans.

81. 5 Jan 2006 : Events in Humans : Turkey confirms its first two human cases. Sporadic cases continue to be reported in the coming weeks, but rapidly end. Viruses are similar to those currently circulating in birds.

82. 20 Jan 2006 : Events in Animals : Hong Kong reports H5N1 in a dead wild bird (first report since January 2005), and H5N1 reports in wild birds (and in 2 chickens) continue through March 2006. These viruses all belong to H5N1 genotype V, which has previously been recorded in southern China, Japan and South Korea.

83. 30 Jan 2006 : Events in Humans : Iraq confirms its first human case, in a 15-year-old girl in Sulaimaniyah (onset date 9 January 2006).

84. 1 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Iraq reports its first outbreak of H5N1, in backyard flocks in same village where human case detected.

85. 3 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Bulgaria first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans).

86. 8 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Nigeria first reports H5N1 in poultry. This is the first report of the virus in Africa. Outbreaks in poultry and ornamental birds are reported through March 2006.

87. 9 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Greece first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans). Additional reports in wild birds through March 2006.

88. 11 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Italy first reports H5N1 in wild birds.

89. 12 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Slovenia first reports H5N1 in a wild bird (swan). A total of 48 dead wild birds are reported through March 2006.

90. 13 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Iran first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans) found dead on routine surveillance.

91. 13 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Russia reports H5N1 outbreaks (at large commercial farms) in the Caucasus region, near the border with Azerbaijan. Further outbreaks are reported in backyard poultry, pigeons, and wild birds in Tyva Republic, Altaj, Tomsk, Omsk and Novosibirsk regions through July 2006. (first outbreak reported since October 2005)

92. 13 Feb 2006 : Events in Humans : China confirms its 12th case and 8th fatality. Some human cases have occurred in areas with no reported outbreaks in poultry.

93. 13 Feb 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 25th case and 18th fatality.

94. 14 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Germany first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans). Reports of H5N1 in wild birds on routine surveillance continue through April 2006.

95. 17 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Egypt reports its first H5N1 in domestic poultry (since 1965). Outbreaks continue to be reported through December 2006.

96. 17 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : France first reports H5N1 in a wild duck (followed by additional reports in other wild birds).

97. 17 Feb 2006 : Events in Humans : Iraq confirms its second human case.

98. 18 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : India first reports H5N1 in domestic poultry. Reported outbreaks continue through April 2006.

99. 18 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Austria first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans). Austria continues to find H5N1 in some wild birds on routine surveillance, until April 2006.

100. 19 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Malaysia reports H5N1 in a flock of free-range poultry (last reported September 2004). Outbreaks reported through March 2006.

101. 20 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Bosnia-Herzegovina and Slovakia each first report H5N1 in wild birds (migratory swans).

102. 21 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Hungary first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans). Research18 Studies of H5N1 viruses show that multiple genetically and antigenically distinct sublineages of the virus are now established in poultry in parts of Asia. Poultry-to-poultry transmission is thought to sustain endemicity of the virus in this region. H5N1 virus is isolated from apparently healthy migratory birds in southern China, suggesting that migratory birds can carry the virus over long distances.

103. 23 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : West Bank/Gaza Strip first reports H5N1 in poultry. Outbreaks reported through April 2006.

104. 24 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Azerbaijan first reports H5N1 in migratory birds. H5N1 is later also confirmed in poultry. Georgia first reports H5N1in wild birds (swans).

105. 25 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : France first reports H5N1 in a single turkey farm, marking the first appearance of this disease in domestic poultry in the EU. Had previously been identified in wild birds in France.

106. 27 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Niger first reports H5N1 in domestic poultry (area near border with affected states of northern Nigeria). Pakistan first reports H5N1 in poultry. Outbreaks are reported through July 2006.

107. 28 Feb 2006 : Events in Animals : Germany reports H5N1 infection in a dead domestic cat on the Isle of Ruegen. Two more cats on the Island are found to be infected in March. Cats are thought to have been exposed by eating infected birds.

108. 1 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Serbia-Montenegro first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans).

109. 1 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Switzerland first reports H5N1 in a dead wild bird. Additional wild birds are reported positive in March and April from various locations throughout the country on routine surveillance.

110. 6 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Poland first reports H5N1 in wild birds (swans). Reports continue through May 2006.

111. 7 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Albania first reports H5N1 in poultry (chickens).

112. 7 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Austria reports H5N1 in 3 domestic cats in an animal shelter.

113. 9 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Germany reports H5N1 infection in a stone marten on the Isle of Ruegen, marking the first documented infection of this species with an avian influenza virus.

114. 9 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Myanmar reports H5N1 in poultry (first since 1996).

115. 11 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Cameroon first reports H5N1 in domestic ducks.

116. 13 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Serbia-Montenegro first reports H5N1 in poultry (1 rooster). Had been previously reported in wild birds.

117. 13 Mar 2006 : Events in Humans : Iraq has its third human case, in a 3-year- -old boy (case retrospectively confirmed in September, 2006)

118. 14 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Denmark first reports H5N1 in a wild bird. Reports in wild birds continue through May of 2006.

119. 14 Mar 2006 : Events in Humans : Azerbaijan confirms its first human cases (onset dates from mid-February 2006).

120. 15 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Afghanistan first reports H5N1 in poultry and a crow.

121. 16 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Israel first reports H5N1 in poultry.

122. 16 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Sweden first reports H5N1 in 36 dead wild birds tested in February and March (no increase in overall wild bird mortality)

123. 17 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Khazakstan reports H5N1 in wild birds (first since August 2005)

124. 17 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Sweden first reports HPAI H5 (no N type given) in poultry in a game bird holding within the surveillance zone set up in response to detection of H5N1 in wild birds.

125. 20 Mar 2006 : Events in Humans : Egypt confirms its first human case in a 30-year-old woman from Qalubiya (onset early March 2006).

126. 23 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Cambodia reports its first outbreak in poultry since December 2004. Outbreaks continue to be reported through fall 2006.

127. 23 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Jordan first reports H5N1 in poultry.

128. 23 Mar 2006 : Events in Humans : Research19, 20 Two research groups publish findings that may help explain why the H5N1 virus does not easily infect humans or – like normal seasonal influenza – spread readily by coughing or sneezing. Whereas human influenza viruses attach themselves to molecules in cells lining the nose and throat, avian viruses prefer to bind to molecules located deep in the lungs. Such findings are consistent with the clinical picture of H5N1 infection, in which most patients present with symptoms of infection in the lower respiratory tract, with rapid progression to pneumonia.

129. 27 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Czech Republic first reports H5N1 in a wild bird (swan). Reports in wild swans continue through May 2006.

130. 27 Mar 2006 : Events in Animals : Sweden detects H5N1 in a wild mink in southern Sweden in an area where wild birds cases have been detected.

131. 3 Apr 2006 : Events in Animals : Burkina Faso first reports H5N1 in poultry (guineafowl).

132. 5 Apr 2006 : Events in Animals : Germany first reports H5N1 in poultry, in turkeys on a single farm (previously reported in wild birds).

133. 6 Apr 2006 : Events in Animals : United Kingdom first reports H5N1 in a single wild bird (swan).

134. 6 Apr 2006 : Events in Humans : Cambodia confirms its 6th human case in a 12-year-old boy from Prey Yang (onset date 29 March 2006) (first human case in Cambodia since April 2005).

135. 12 Apr 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 31st human case in a 23-year-old man from West Java (onset date 20 March 2006).

136. 13 Apr 2006 : Events in Humans : Egypt confirms its 12th human case in a 18-year-old woman from Minufiyah (onset date 5 April 2006).

137. 17 Apr 2006 : Events in Animals : Sudan first reports H5N1 in poultry (both intensive and backyard systems). Additional outbreaks reported through October 2006.

138. 19 Apr 2006 : Events in Animals : China reports H5N1 in wild aquatic and other birds in Qinghai and Tibet regions.

139. 19 Apr 2006 : Events in Animals : Côte d’Ivoire first reports H5N1 in poultry and a wild bird. Outbreaks continue to be reported through July 2006.

140. 19 Apr 2006 : Events in Humans : China confirms its 17th human case in an 21-year-old man from Hubei (onset date 1 April 2006).

141. 19 Apr 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 32nd human case in a 24-year-old man from Banten (onset date 29 March 2006).

142. 24 Apr 2006 : Events in Animals : Djibouti reports its first case of H5N1 in poultry.

143. 27 Apr 2006 : Events in Humans : China confirms its 18th human case in an 8-year-old girl from Sichuan (onset date 16 April 2006).

144. 4 May 2006 : Events in Animals : Mongolia reports H5N1 in dead wild birds on routine surveillance through June 2006 (last report August 2005).

145. 4 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Egypt confirms its 13th human case in a 27-year-old woman from Cairo (onset date 15 April 2006).

146. 8 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 33rd human case in a 30-year-old man from Jakarta (onset date 17 April 2006)

147. 9 May 2006 : Events in Animals : Ukraine first reports HPAI H5 in wild birds (previously reported in poultry)

148. 12 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Djibouti confirms its first human case in a 2-year-old girl from Arta (onset date 23 April 2006).

149. 18 May 2006 : Events in Animals : Denmark reports its first outbreak of H5N1 HPAI in domestic poultry (was previously reported in wild birds). An outbreak of H5N2 LPAI was also reported during this period.

150. 18 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Egypt confirms its 14th case in a 75-year- -old woman from Al Minya (onset date 11 May 2006).

151. 18 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia reports the largest family cluster in any country to date, with 7 confirmed cases (the 34th through 39th and the 42nd) from 4 households in the Karo district of North Sumatra. The index case (unconfirmed) develops symptoms on 24 Apr, the last case dies on 22 May. Cases include the index case's 2 sons, (aged 15 and 17 years), her 10-year-old nephew, her 2 brothers (aged 25 and 32 years), her 28-year-old sister, and this sister's 18-month-old daughter. Disease does not spread beyond the extended family. Limited human to human transmission can not be ruled out. Viruses do not show any significant genetic mutations or reassortment.

152. 18 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia also confirms its 40th human case, in a 38-year-old woman from East Java (onset date 2 May 2006).

153. 19 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 41st human case in a 12-year-old boy from East Jakarta (onset date 7 May 2006).

154. 29 May 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 43rd - 48th human cases in an 18-year-old man from East Java (onset date 6 May 2006), a 10-year¬old girl and her 18-year--old brother from West Java (both with onset date 16 May 2006), a 39-year-old man from Jakarta (onset date 9 May 2006), a 43-year-old man from Jakarta (onset date 6 May 2006), and a 15-year-old girl from West Sumatra (onset date 17 May 2006). All 6 cases are unrelated to the family cluster in Karo, North Sumatra.

155. 4 Jun 2006 : Events in Animals : China reports its first cases in poultry since February 2006. Outbreaks reported from various provinces through October 2006.

156. 6 Jun 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 49th human case in a 15-year-old boy from West Java (onset date 26 May 2006).

157. 9 Jun 2006 : Events in Animals : Hungary reports its first H5N1 in poultry (previously reported in wild birds).

158. 15 Jun 2006 : Events in Animals : Ukraine reports H5N1 in poultry (first report since February 2006), first reported in wild birds in May 2006.

159. 15 Jun 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 50th human case in a 7-year-old girl from Banten (onset date 26 May 2006).

160. 16 Jun 2006 : Events in Humans : China confirms its 19th human case, in a 31-year-old man from Guandong (onset date 3 June 2006).

161. 20 Jun 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 51st human case in a 13-year-old boy from Jakarta (onset date 9 June 2006).

162. 30 Jun 2006 : Events in Humans : Research21 The first analysis of epidemiological data on all 205 laboratory-confirmed H5N1 cases officially reported to WHO from Dec 2003 to 30 Apr 2006 is published by WHO.

163. 4 Jul 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 52nd human case in a 5-year-old boy from East Java (onset date 8 June 2006).

164. 7 Jul 2006 : Events in Animals : Spain first reports H5N1 in a single wild shore bird (grebe) in northern region.

165. 14 Jul 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 53rd human case in a 3-year-old girl from Jakarta (onset date 23 June 2006).

166. 20 Jul 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 54th human case in a 44-year-old man from Jakarta (onset date 24 June 2006).

167. 26 Jul 2006 : Events in Animals : Thailand reports two H5N1 outbreaks in poultry (in Phichit and Nakhon Phanom provinces). These are the first reported in more than 8 months. Poultry vaccination remains prohibited.

168. 26 Jul 2006 : Events in Humans : Thailand confirms its 23rd human case in a 17-year-old boy from Phichit in northern Thailand (onset date 15 July 2006) (the first human case in Thailand in 2006).

169. 27 Jul 2006 : Events in Animals : Lao PDR reports H5N1 in poultry (first reported since January 2004)

170. 3 Aug 2006 : Events in Animals : H5N1 is detected in a captive zoo swan in Germany (previously reported in both wild and domestic birds)

171. 30 Aug 2006 : Events in Animals : Viet Nam reports H5N1 in unvaccinated duck flocks and market ducks on routine surveillance. Ducks did not show clinical signs. (First report since December 2005)

172. 7 Aug 2006 : Events in Animals : Thailand confirms its 24th human case in a 27-year-old man from Uthai Thani in central Thailand (onset date 24 July 2006).

173. 8 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : China retrospectively confirms its 20th human case in a 24-year-old man from Beijing (onset date 25 November 2003) who died. This case becomes the first confirmed case of HPAI H5N1 infection in the present outbreak. The case was initially attributed to SARS.

174. 8 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 55th human case in a 16-year-old boy from West Java (onset date 26 July 2006), and becomes the country with the most human deaths (n=43) from H5N1 HPAI infection, surpassing Viet Nam. A system for unified H5N1 nomenclature, developed by the WHO/OIE/FAO Evolution Working Group, is posted on the WHO website (http://www.who.int/csr/ disease/avian_influenza/guidelines/ nomenclature/en/index.html) and the OFFLU website (www.offlu.net).

175. 9 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 56th human case in an 17-year-old girl from Jakarta (onset date 28 July 2006).

176. 14 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 57th human case in an 17-year-old boy from West Java (Cikelet/Garut Cluster) (onset date 26 July 2006).

177. 14 Aug 2006 : Events in Animals : The USA detects LPAI H5N1 in wild mute swans in Michigan.

178. 14 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : China confirms its 21st human case in a 62-year-old man from the Uygur Autonomous Region in north-western China (onset date 19 June 2006).

179. 17 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 58th human case in an 9-year-old girl from West Java (Cikelet/Garut Cluster) (onset date 1 August 2006).

180. 21 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 59th human case in an 35-year-old woman from West Java (Cikelet/Garut Cluster) (onset date 8 August 2006). In this cluster, there was no evidence of human to human transmission, poultry deaths were possibly linked with live chickens returning to village from live animal market, and there were possible additional human cases that were not confirmed.

181. 23 Aug 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 60th human case in an 6-year-old girl from West Java (onset date 6 August 2006).

182. 2 Sep 2006 : Events in Animals : The USA detects LPAI H5N1 in wild ducks in Pennsylvania and Maryland.

183. 8 Sep 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 61st human case in an 14-year-old girl from South Sulawesi (onset date 18 June 2006). Due to revisions to the WHO case definition, two cases are retrospectively confirmed in Indonesia: The 62nd in an 8-year-old girl from Banten (onset date 24 June 2005) and the 63rd in a 45-year¬old man from central Java (onset date 25 November 2005).

184. 14 Sep 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 64th human case in a 5-year-old boy from West Java (onset date 4 March 2006)and (through follow up testing) its 65th human case in a 27-year-old male from West Sumatra (onset date 28 May 2006) (brother of 15- year-old girl; was possible human to human transmission).

185. 25 Sep 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 66th human case in an 11-year-old boy from East Java (onset date 16 September 2006)and its 67th human case in a 9-year-old boy from Jakarta (onset date 13 September 2006).

186. 27 Sep 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 68th human case in a 20-year-old man from West Java (onset date 17 September 2006).

187. 27 Sep 2006 : Events in Humans : Thailand confirms its 25th human case, in a 59-year-old man from Nong Bua Lam Phu Province in Northeastern Thailand (onset date 14 July 2006).

188. 3 Oct 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 69th human case in a 21-year-old woman from East Java (onset date 19 September 2006) (the sister of the 66th case).

189. 11 Oct 2006 : Events in Humans : Egypt confirms its 15th human case, in a 39-year-old woman from Gharbiya (onset date 30 September 2006) (the first human case since May 2006).

190. 16 Oct 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 70th human case in a 67-year-old woman from West Java (onset date 3 October 2006), its 71st human case in a 11-year-old boy from Jakarta (onset date 2 October 2006), and its 72nd human case in a 27-year-old woman from Central Java (onset date 8 October 2006).

191. 30 Oct 2006 : Events in Animals : Research22 A surveillance study of H5N1 isolates from poultry in southern China confirms that subtypes continue to emerge and their relative prevalence continues to change.

192. 13 Nov 2006 : Events in Humans : Indonesia confirms its 73rd human case in a 35-year-old woman from Banten (onset date 7 November 2006) and its 74th human case, in a 30 month old boy from West Java (onset date 10 November 2006).

193. 22 Nov 2006 : Events in Animals : Republic of Korea reports H5N1 in poultry (first since September 2004). Outbreaks continue to be reported.
194. 10 Dec 2006 : Events in Humans : China confirms its 22nd human case in a 37-year-old man from Anhui (onset date 10 December 2006) (retrospectively confirmed on 10 January 2007).

195. 14 Dec 2006 : Events in Animals : In an effort to contain the disease, live animal markets in Beijing, China are permanently closed.

196. 19 Dec 2006 : Events in Animals : Viet Nam reports H5N1 in unvaccinated poultry (first report since August 2006). Outbreaks become widespread in the southern part of the country.

197. 27 Dec 2006 : Events in Humans : Egypt confirms its 16th, 17th, and 18th human cases in an extended family in Gharbiyah (onset dates 9-15 December 2006). The isolated viruses had a genetic mutation, linked in laboratory testing to moderately reduced susceptibility to oseltamivir. WHO does not change treatment recommendations.